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During the ultrasound, gynecologists assess not only the growth of the fetus and its anatomy, but also take measurements of blood flow in various vessels. Abnormal flow in the middle cerebral artery may suggest fetal anemia. Where does it come from and what are its consequences?
Anemia in the fetus – diagnosis
Anemia is a blood hemoglobin concentration that is too low for a given gestational age. Fetal anemia is diagnosed on the basis of measurements taken during ultrasound, specifically flow in the middle cerebral artery. When anemia is present, the maximum systolic velocity (PSV MCA) in this vessel is elevated. Later signs of anemia visible on ultrasound include fetal edema.
Anemia in the fetus – causes
Among the most common causes of fetal anemia is serological conflict, mainly in the Rh system. It can also happen that anemia develops due to conflict in rarer systems that are not affected by the immunoprophylaxis used during pregnancy in Rh-negative women. In addition, causes of anemia include parvovirus infection during pregnancy, which is extremely dangerous for unborn babies. Anemia can also occur in multiple pregnancies in which TAPS or TTTS syndrome has developed.
Anemia in the fetus – management
It is very important that if fetal anemia is suspected, the mother-to-be should be referred to a reference center. In hospitals dealing with such patients, further thorough diagnostics are performed and the search for the cause of the anemia that occurred in the fetus is carried out. In addition to testing antibodies for parvovirus or serological conflict, testing for fetal-maternal leakage is also performed.
An invasive study of the so-called. Cordocentesis makes it possible to determine the exact level of hemoglobin in the fetal blood, and thus the degree of anemia. Intrafetal transfusions are also performed using this method to reduce the baby’s anemia and are an established treatment for anemia. With regular transfusions, it is possible to extend the duration of pregnancy and reduce the risk of serious complications in the baby.
Anemia in the fetus – consequences
Untreated fetal anemia can lead to fetal hemolytic disease, the development of generalized edema, and eventually threaten the baby with intrauterine death. For this reason, it is very important to diagnose accurately and implement appropriate management to prevent complications of anemia.
Read more:
Complications of multifetal pregnancies
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